Open Access in Sociology
In sociology, there are many different attitudes towards open access. Whereas digital resources are widely used in research and teaching, sociologists are as yet rather hesitant about publishing their works open access (Graf et al., 2019). One reason for this is the culture of publishing in the humanities and social sciences. In these disciplines, to which sociology belongs, books in the form of monographs, thematic edited collections, conference proceedings, etc. are the predominant types of publications. In addition, many sociologists lack information on open access, with the result that they often classify open access publications as qualitatively inferior, and rely on established publishers as supposed guarantors of quality. Furthermore, there is often a need for information and clarification in the areas of licences and copyright (Graf et al., 2019). Financial questions also play a major role for authors and publishers. In many cases, for example, it is unclear how financing can be arranged if nobody has to buy the work (Verlag Barbara Budrich, 2020).
Hesitancy on the part of sociologists is also reflected in the attitude of large professional associations. Neither the German Sociological Association (DGS) nor its US counterpart, the American Sociological Association (ASA), are among the signatories of the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities.
Although institutional expressions of commitment to open access are lacking in sociology, the groundwork for open access has been laid, as the following offerings on this page show.
Open Access Journals
As of December 2021, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) listed 722 entries under the keyword Sociology.
Important open access journals include:
- Forum Qualitative Social Research (FQS) DOAJ
- Survey Research Methods (srm) DOAJ
- Sociological Research Online
- Comparative Population Studies DOAJ
- Demographic Research DOAJ
- Demography
- methods, data, analyses DOAJ
- Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World DOAJ
Many renowned scholarly journals do not offer an open access option; others make articles freely available after an embargo period (green open access). For example, the journal Zeitschrift für Soziologie (ZfS) makes articles available in open access on its website two years after publication; the same goes for the journal Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (WuG). The journal Historical Social Research (HSR) automatically makes articles available in open access in the disciplinary repository Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR) after an embargo period of two years.
Open Access Books
As of December 2021, the Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) listed 532 titles under the subject Sociology, while OAPEN listed around 532 titles under Sociology.
The publishing landscape in the book-friendly social sciences is extremely heterogeneous, broad, and fragmented. However, the publishers Springer VS, Nomos, Barbara Budrich, Routledge, transcript, Campus, and LIT are particularly worthy of mention (Graf et al., 2020, p. 22; Projekt OGeSoMo, n.d.).
Open access publishing faces diverse challenges in book-friendly disciplines such as sociology. To make it more attractive, a suitable infrastructure for and trust in the quality of open access books must be created. The groundwork for this has been laid by the quality standards for open access monographs and edited collections formulated by the consortium of university presses AG Universitätsverlage (2018) and in the framework of the project National Contact Point Open Access OA2020-DE (Pieper et al., 2018). Moreover, in recent years, several business models for open access books have become established (OAPEN, 2020).
Disciplinary Repositories
For German-speaking sociology, the disciplinary repository Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR) is particularly important, while at an international level, a leading role is played by the Social Sciences Research Network (SSRN), which, besides sociological literature, also hosts research papers from economics, political science, anthropology, and many other disciplines.
An overview of relevant repositories is provided by the Open Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR).
Practical Tip
Finding Open Access Literature (in German)
Other Offerings
SocioHub, the platform of the "Fachinformationsdienst Soziologie" (Specialised Information Service Sociology), serves as a central point of contact for the sociological community. The focus lies on a combined search (for literature and research data), on discipline-specific networking and collaboration, and making full texts available in open access for sociologists. The platform brings together offerings from various websites. SocioHub is operated jointly by the University and City Library of Cologne (USB) and GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences.
The online archives JSTOR and Project MUSE also provide relevant content for sociology as open access.
BASE (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine) enables discipline-specific searches for digital full texts. Sociological content can be found by using the Dewey Decimal Classification Code 301.
Within the framework of the project OGeSoMo – Förderung von Open-Access-Publikationen in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften mit dem Schwerpunkt Monografien [Promotion of Open Access Publications in the Humanities and Social Sciences with a Focus on Monographs], which was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), numerous flyers with information on open access publishing in the humanities and social sciences were created.
The project ENABLE! aims to bring together in a network the individual actors in the open access publishing system in the humanities and social sciences in order to, among other things, promote open access publishing and to develop new publishing models.
Open Science in Sociology
With the services provided by GESIS, sociologists have extensive possibilities of making data, methods, and software available in open access:
- datorium enables the assignment of citable Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs).
- da|ra provides the possibility of registering research data for the purpose of DOI assignment – although the data are hosted by the institutions themselves.
In the area of qualitative data, particular mention should be made of the data service centre Qualiservice, the successor of the Archive for Life Course Research (ALLF). It archives qualitative social science research data from various disciplines and makes them available for scientific reuse. It also offers personalised and study-specific advice.
Open Research Data
Open research data are highly valued in the area of sociology. In its Code of Ethics, the American Sociological Association (American Sociological Association, 2018) encourages sociologists to make their research data available:
Sociologists generally make their data available after completion of a project or its major publications, except where proprietary agreements with employers, contractors, or clients preclude such accessibility or when it is impossible to share data and protect the confidentiality of the data or the anonymity of research participants.
Closed-access US journals, such as the American Sociological Review and Sociological Methodology, refer to this Code of Ethics in their submission policies, and encourage their authors to make their research data available. The open access journal Demographic Research also has such a policy, but it applies also to computer code.
References
- American Sociological Association. (2018). Code of Ethics. https://www.asanet.org/sites/default/files/asa_code_of_ethics-june2018a.pdf
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Universitätsverlage. (2018). Qualitätsstandards für Open-Access-Monografien und -Sammelbände (Version 1). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3562239
- Graf, D., Fadeeva, Y., & Falkenstein-Feldhoff, K. (Eds.). (2020). Bücher im Open Access: Ein Zukunftsmodell für die Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften? Verlag Barbara Budrich. https://doi.org/10.17185/DUEPUBLICO/72237
- Graf, D., Burovikhina, V., & Leinweber, N. (2019). Zukunftsmodell Monografien im Open Access. Aus der Praxis von Bibliotheken, Verlagen, Wissenschaft und Lehre im gemeinsamen Projekt OGeSoMo. O | Bib. Das offene Bibliotheksjournal, 6(4), 164–177. https://doi.org/10.5282/o-bib/2019H4S164-177
- OAPEN. (2020, September 29). Business models for open access book publishing. OAbooks-Toolkit.Org. https://oabooks-toolkit.org/lifecycle/10944589-planning-funding/article/10432084-business-models-for-open-access-book-publishing
- Pieper, D., Fund, S., Werner, K., & Jobmann, A. (2018). Qualitätsstandards für den Einstieg in die Open-Access-Stellung von Büchern. 2nd edition. Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld. https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2932189
- Projekt OGeSoMo. (n.d.). Zwischenergebnisse. Written, submitted, published: Wo publizieren die UDE-Autoren? https://www.uni-due.de/ogesomo/zwischenergebnisse
- Verlag Barbara Budrich. (2020, December 9). "In den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften ist Open Access noch nicht sehr weit verbreitet." – 5 Fragen an Dorothee Graf. Budrich.de. https://budrich.de/news/interview-dorothee-graf/
Further Reading
- Herb, U. (2015). Open Science in der Soziologie. Eine interdisziplinäre Bestandsaufnahme zur offenen Wissenschaft und eine Untersuchung ihrer Verbreitung in der Soziologie. Werner Hülsbusch. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.31234
- Herb, U. (2014). Open Science in Soziologie-Journalen aus deutschsprachigen und nicht-deutschprachigen Ländern, Daten und Auswertungen einer Journal-Stichprobe. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10786
Cotent editors of this page: Johanna Tieke, Katja Restel, and Sabine Berger (SocioHub – Specialised Information Service Sociology) (Last updated: December 2021)